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Free convection, which is caused by the metabolic heat around a human body in a room, was examined by the flow visualization of infrared thermography and smoke wire photography and by hot wire anemometry. The experiments were carried out using human subjects and a heated rectangular manikin, which is a simulated model of a standing man. This paper reports that the following points must be considered in indoor environmental design: (1) a human body enveloped by an upward airstream, the velocity of which corresponds to the acceptable highest air velocity of comfort; (2) the volume flow rate in a plume above a body is several times larger than the ventilation requirement; and (3) the heat transfer at ankle level is twice large as that on the upper body.

Units: Dual

Citation: ASHRAE Transactions, 1988, vol. 94, pt. 1, Dallas, TX